International Journal of Entrepreneurial Knowledge

THE INFLUENCE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL LEARNING BASED ON PROJECT-BASED LEARNING AND SELF-EFFICACY ON VOCATIONAL STUDENTS' INTEREST IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP THROUGH ENTREPRENEURIAL MOTIVATION

Alfia Anesya Putri Difa, Arintoko, Aldila Krisnaresanti — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The purpose of this research was to analyze the influence of project-based learning on entrepreneurship, self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial motivation on entrepreneurial interest, as well as the influence of project-based learning on entrepreneurship and self-efficacy on students' entrepreneurial interest through entrepreneurial motivation. The data used in this research were obtained through interviews and a closed questionnaire. The sample size in this study included a total of 139 students of Marketing during the 2023/2024 academic year. The respondents were selected using purposive sampling and proportional stratified random sampling techniques. Meanwhile, the data analysis techniques employed include validity tests, reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, and the Sobel test. The results of this research indicate that entrepreneurial learning based on project-based learning, self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial motivation influences entrepreneurial interest. Entrepreneurial learning based on project-based learning and self-efficacy influences entrepreneurial interest in students through entrepreneurial motivation. The implication of this research is that schools are expected to be able to implement the entrepreneurial learning process effectively. Teachers are expected to increase students' entrepreneurial motivation, thereby enhancing their interest in entrepreneurship. Students are expected to develop self-efficacy in exploring the business world, becoming better prepared and motivated to pursue entrepreneurship. This research’s contribution and added value are in the form of theoretical and practical benefits.

CHALLENGES OF INNOVATIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN A TECHNOLOGICAL ERA: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW

Gaelle Fitong Ketchiwou, Patrick Ngulube — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected entrepreneurs, compelling them to close, downsize, diversify, or adopt innovative approaches to stay afloat. This global challenge, coupled with technological disruptions, resulted in many losing their jobs and entering the competitive entrepreneurship space that requires them to be innovative to succeed. However, without the right resources, context, and environment, entrepreneurs may struggle to innovate. This paper aims to investigate the challenges to innovative entrepreneurship in a technological era. We used an integrative review to synthesize challenges to innovative entrepreneurship from 42 empirical studies in different countries worldwide. A thematic approach was used to analyse the content of the articles. Results reveal that factors related to the entrepreneur’s skills and traits impede innovative entrepreneurship. Also, challenges related to finance, human resources, operational capabilities, and marketing obstruct innovation in entrepreneurship. In addition, environmental factors related to the country, social and cultural norms, and the entrepreneurship ecosystem pose challenges to innovative entrepreneurship. Innovation has become the order of the day, and knowledge of the obstacles to innovative entrepreneurship is vital. Findings can help in designing all-around support to promote innovative entrepreneurship.

ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF NINE COUNTRIES BASED ON GEM

Shaohua Ben — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0200

This study examines the determinants of entrepreneurial intention (EI) across nine countries using data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). Grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Expectancy Confirmation Theory (ECT), the study investigates relationships among personal attitude (PI), subjective norms (SN), perceived behavioral control (PBC), and three mediating factors: High Status of Entrepreneurs (HS), High Job Expectations (HJE), and Entrepreneurship as a Good Career Choice (GCC). Analyzing 169 valid samples from 2001 to 2023 using covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM), the findings reveal that PBC significantly influences HJE and GCC, positively shaping EI. However, HS negatively impacts EI, as societal perceptions of high-status entrepreneurs raise entry barriers and diminish self-efficacy. Additionally, early entrepreneurial activity (TEA) does not significantly affect HS, reflecting evolving attitudes toward entrepreneurship as less exclusive. These insights imply the need to re-evaluate societal narratives around entrepreneurship and create educational programs to boost realistic expectations and self-efficacy. This article is intended for policymakers, educators, and researchers in entrepreneurship. Policymakers can use the findings to design inclusive policies, educators can develop targeted training programs, and researchers can expand the theoretical understanding of cross-national entrepreneurial behavior. This study contributes by integrating GEM data with TPB and ECT frameworks, offering a comprehensive understanding of global EI determinants and practical insights for fostering entrepreneurial ecosystems.

CONTRIBUTION OF ENTREPRENEURIAL LEADERSHIP ON ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT: A SOUTH AFRICAN CASE

Timothy O. Aluko — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The paper examines the contribution of entrepreneurial leadership (EL) to entrepreneurial development (ED) in South Africa. A quantitative, correlational research design was applied to moderately measure the contribution level of critical thinking, innovation adoption, business growth, financial performance, accountability, and sustainability as a basis of entrepreneurial development. Data were collected from 280 small, micro, and medium business owners and managers across various sectors in the Gauteng Province. Descriptive statistics showed moderate to high levels of agreement on the significance of EL and ED, with mean scores of 3.9 and 3.5, respectively. The Nagelkerke pseudo-R-squared value (0.45) and the positive parameter estimates for EL (1.81, p < 0.001) and the moderate Spearman correlation (0.61, p < 0.001) indicate that EL positively influences ED; other contextual factors may also contribute, highlighting the need for further research into complementary determinants. The study links EL behaviours with ED sustainability and provides empirical evidence supporting previous theoretical frameworks, thereby contributing to the body of knowledge by reinforcing the role of EL as a significant measure of ED. However, the moderate correlation indicates that while EL is crucial, additional approaches and supports, such as financial support, innovation, and mentorship programs, should be considered in fostering entrepreneurial growth and sustainability.

RECONCILING MINERAL ROYALTY TAX REVENUE AND INWARD FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT

Oscar Kaonga, Lubinda Haabazoka, Bwalya Chilolo — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0200

Zambia’s mining sector is crucial to its economy, significantly contributing to national revenue and foreign direct investment (FDI). However, the country has struggled to balance mineral royalty tax (MRT) revenue generation with attracting and retaining FDI. This study develops the Taxation and Investment Reconciliation Theory (TIRT) as a strategic framework for balancing taxation policies and investment incentives in resource-rich nations. Using a mixed-methods approach, integrating econometric analysis and qualitative insights from policymakers, investors, and mining firms, the research examines the impact of MRT regimes on FDI inflows in Zambia. The study employs a convergent parallel design and applies an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to time series data to analyse how changes in royalty tax structures influence investment decisions and government revenue. Additionally, it evaluates policy inconsistencies and investor perceptions of Zambia’s fiscal framework. A key outcome is the TIRT model, which incorporates international best practices and empirical data from other resource-rich economies to establish a sustainable taxation-investment balance. Findings highlight that predictable, stable, and flexible tax policies are essential for aligning government revenue objectives with investor confidence. The study emphasises the importance of political stability and stakeholder interests in achieving a sustainable mining sector. It concludes by recommending a policy framework that aligns Zambia’s MRT with long-term FDI growth, ensuring a robust and sustainable mining sector. This research contributes to the discourse on mineral taxation in developing economies, offering a practical model for optimizing both revenue generation and foreign investment.

INFLATION AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN SLOVAKIA: IS THE PHILLIPS CURVE STILL RELEVANT?

Matúš Senci, Charles — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0200

This article investigates the validity of the Phillips curve in the current economic conditions of the Slovak Republic. The Phillips curve, which suggests an inverse relationship between inflation and unemployment, has been one of the most important concepts in macroeconomics since its creation. However, its role and relevance in modern economies have been questioned, primarily due to various factors such as monetary policies, globalization, and structural changes in labor markets. The analysis focuses on the Slovak economy. Examined was the relationship between inflation and unemployment after the country joined the European Union and adopted the euro. By utilizing multiple correlation analysis, the study assesses the strength, direction, and statistical significance of the relationship in recent years. The results suggest that, while the Phillips curve remains valid in the Slovak economy, the strength of the correlation has diminished compared to the period when the theory was first introduced. This decline in the relationship can be attributed to various factors, including the centralization of monetary policy under the European Central Bank, changes in labor market dynamics, and external economic shocks. These findings imply that policymakers should reconsider relying solely on traditional inflation-unemployment trade-offs when formulating monetary and labor market policies. Overall, the findings of this study provide valuable insights into the evolving nature of the Phillips curve and its relevance in today's economy. This research contributes to the limited empirical literature on small open economies within the euro area, providing updated evidence on the dynamics of the Phillips curve in the Slovak context.

ENTREPRENEURIAL ECOSYSTEM AS A CATALYST FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH: A GLOBAL EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE USING A NOVEL COMPOSITE INDEX

Karim Iddouch, Omar Jaoual — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0200

In this paper, we examine the role of entrepreneurial ecosystems in driving economic growth across 107 economies from 2011 to 2023. Our objective is to develop and validate a composite index that captures the efficiency of national entrepreneurship systems and assesses its impact on economic growth. To achieve this, we construct six entrepreneurial sub-indexes and a composite Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Index (GEMI) using a two-step approach: first, we apply an output-oriented slacks-based measure (SBM) data envelopment analysis (DEA); second, we use ordinary least squares (OLS) and fixed effects panel regressions to estimate the relationship between GEMI and GDP growth. We also conduct multiple robustness checks using GDP per capita and alternative model specifications. We find that GEMI has a robust positive impact on economic growth, consistent with the Entrepreneurship Ecosystem Theory (EET), which emphasizes the critical role of a well-rounded entrepreneurial environment. Our additional analyses reveal key patterns across income levels, regions, and stages of economic development, indicating that high-income countries benefit the most, middle-income countries experience moderate gains, and low-income countries face significant barriers. We observe that GEMI plays a more transformative role in developed economies, where synergies between financial systems, governance, and open markets amplify its effects compared to emerging economies. Regional variations reveal stronger gains in Europe and Latin America, while Sub-Saharan Africa and MENA regions remain constrained by weak infrastructure and governance. Results remain consistent across robustness checks using GDP per capita and alternative estimation techniques. Our findings offer practical implications for policymakers, international development institutions, and researchers aiming to foster entrepreneurship-led growth. We emphasize the importance of strengthening regulatory frameworks, expanding access to finance, and investing in education and infrastructure to unlock the transformative potential of entrepreneurship.

NAVIGATING THE ENTREPRENEURIAL JOURNEY: THE ROLE OF SOCIAL SUPPORT IN ENHANCING WELL-BEING AND PERFORMANCE

Eugine Tafadzwa Maziriri, Miston Mapuranga, Tinashe Chuchu — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0200

This study examines the influence of support from family, friends, and lecturers on the entrepreneurial well-being and performance of university students, with a focus on the moderating role of entrepreneurial resilience. A nomothetic quantitative methodology was employed, using a survey to collect responses from 261 university students in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Structural equation modeling validated the findings and assessed the relationships between social support, entrepreneurial well-being, resilience, and performance. The study confirms that family, friends, and lecturers have a significant impact on entrepreneurial well-being. It was also found that entrepreneurial well-being, in turn, has a significant impact on entrepreneurial performance. Additionally, entrepreneurial resilience moderates this relationship, strengthening the link between entrepreneurial well-being and performance. This study highlights the crucial role of social support in enhancing entrepreneurial well-being and performance among university students. Through highlighting the contributions of family, friends, and lecturers, these findings underscore the importance of cultivating strong support systems within the academic environment. The implications point to the need for universities to strengthen student support networks and promote resilience-building initiatives that maximise entrepreneurial outcomes. It is therefore recommended that higher education institutions integrate mentorship, peer collaboration, and psychological resilience training into their entrepreneurship. This study adds value by extending social support and entrepreneurial resilience theories into a student entrepreneurship context within a developing country, contributing novel insights to the literature on youth entrepreneurship.